A steam turbine consists of a rotor resting on bearings and enclosed in a cylindrical casing. Reaction turbine 2 iii steam turbine operating range 2. Steam turbines generally were used as a main engine in several kinds of ships which need more power to propel during 1800s and the mid of the 20th century. Elliott steam turbines come in a variety of sizes ranging from small, 20 hp 15 kw singlestage units, to large 175,000 hp,000 kw multivalve, multistage extraction condensing units. Development of high efficiency marine propulsion plant ultra. Pdf design and cfd analysis of a curtis turbine stage. Apr 24, 2019 media in category curtis steam turbines the following files are in this category, out of total.
The stfd200 is a two casing, doubleflow lp machine. Working principle of steam turbine depends on the dynamic action of steam. Steam enters the turbine with a high energy content and leaves after giving up most of it. Nov 24, 2014 after first rotating the turbine by the turning gear, allowing time for the rotor to assume a straight plane no bowing, then the turning gear is disengaged and steam is admitted to the turbine, first to the astern blades then to the ahead blades slowly rotating the turbine at 1015 rpm 0. Introduction steam turbines are utilized in numerous industries to drive boiler fans, boiler feed and water pumps, process and chiller compressors, blast furnace blowers, paper mill line shafts, sugar mill. He is best known as the developer of the eponymous curtis steam turbine. Steam turbines power generation siemens energy global.
Pressure compounding is the method in which pressure in a steam turbine is made to. Steam turbines are supplied by several manufacturers. In his design, high pressure steam expanded through a cylindrical housing so that it pressed against a series of rows of turbine. In the impulse turbine, the steam is expanded in fixed nozzles and remains at constant pressure when passing over the blades. Chp can be adapted to both utility and industrial steam turbine designs. The steam turbine generator is the primary power conversion component of the. Ger3706d steam turbines for industrial applications. The special inlet section has a large volumetric flow capability. Gas steam, turbine driven compressor drive trains synchronous motor drives boiler feed pumps generator drives in fossil fuel and nuclear power plants kopflex is the industry authority in turbomachinery with strong technical representation on api and iso committees, as well as active participation in many technical forums. The first 500kilowatt curtis vertical steam turbine asme.
Elliott steam turbines are rated for inlet steam conditions up to 2000 psig1005 degrees f and speeds up to 20,000 rpm. Today turbine powered generators produce most of the worlds electrical energy. Packaged arrangements, when feasible, offer shorter delivery and installation time. Steam turbine, 6 3 dimensions of drops and their motion in the axial clearance between nozzle box and rotor 10 4. List of aircraft carriers of the royal navy wikipedia. Parsons, in late 1894, became interested in driving cargo ships at about 10 knots with his steam turbines by using a speed reducing gear as the most. Evolution of d series cc steam turbine r3 ge steam. In this part, he talks about how parsons used new machining tools and techniques to make more gears.
Geared turbines modular design md concept smallmidsized steam turbines are designed based on a modular design md concept in which standardized modules for turbine components, such as governing valve chests and low pressure exhaust casings are employed. Thus a steam turbine could be viewed as a complex series of windmilllike arrangements, all assembled on the same shaft. Charles gordon curtis was an american engineer, inventor, and patent attorney. The brown curtis turbine which had been originally developed and patented by the u. Turbines are classified as hydraulic, or water, turbines, steam turbines, or gas turbines. Some notes on the parsons steam turbine digitised collections. A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. Kawasakis original design philosophy for the semi curtis control stage, optimum. What is impulse turbine impulse blading definition. Several valves control the steam flow for a number of such openings. Maintenance and overhaul of steam turbines wgp42 05.
The control valves of steam turbines providing change of the discharge of steam through the turbine, work in extremely wide range of pressure differences and thus, depending on the load of the. However, few of them produce models with an output of less than 200 kw. Latest technologies and future prospects for a new steam turbine. Smallmidsized steam turbines are designed based on a modular design md concept in which standardized modules for turbine components, such as governing valve chests and low pressure exhaust casings are employed. The brown curtis turbine, an impulse type, which had been originally developed and patented by the u. The photograph was taken at the wallsendontyne works of the parsons. The impulse turbine is composed of moving blades alternating with fixed nozzles. There is a wide range of applications for steam turbines made by siemens. A highvelocity steam is coming from the nozzles and it strikes the rotating blades which are fitted on a disc mounted on a shaft. Fundamentals of steam turbine systems principles of operation the motive power in a steam turbine is obtained by the rate of change in momentum of a high velocity jet of steam impinging on a curved blade which is free to rotate. For turbine load control purposes the first impulse stage might receive steam only through a certain arc portion of the whole circumference. Then, take a mollier diagram and mark all the four.
Ger3705 ge steam turbine design philosophy and technology. Steam turbine was invented in 1884 by sir charles parsons, whose first model was connected to a dynamo that generated 7. The browncurtis turbine which had been originally developed and patented by the u. Kawasakis original design philosophy for the semicurtis control stage, optimum. Pdf the preliminary design and cfd analysis of a high pressure curtis wheel, used as a first stage in a steam turbine, are described. For industrial applications, steam turbines are generally of simpler single casing design and less complicated for reliability and cost reasons. Our industrial steam turbines are designed for easy constructability, fast startup and economical operation. These devices make use of enhanced pressure of steam to rotate electric generators at extremely more speeds where the revolving speed of these are maximum than water turbines and wind turbines. The thermal energy of the steam is converted to mechanical energy in the high pressure turbine, and the steam is exhausted to the moisture separator reheaters. Power 5,700 hp integrally geared centrifugal performance. Power generation steam turbine generator toshiba america. In this way, the steam turbine is operated to supply electricity. The first geared steam turbine for marine use was made in 1897 by parsons marine steam turbine co, ltd, and installed in a twinscrew launch belonging to the yacht charmian.
Reaction turbine 2 iii steam turbine operating range 2 3. Steam turbines are also often applied in the renewable energy sector. Sg series geothermal steam turbines sg series steam turbines have a unique design to withstand direct geothermal steam conditions saturated or slightly superheated steam, presence of corrosive contaminants, low pressure. The directly connected ists can operate with fixedinlet pressure or slidinginlet pressure control. These standard md modules are selected according to turbine application requirements. This highvelocity steam produces dynamic pressure on the blades in which blades and shaft both start to rotate in the same direction. The blades thus transform the device potential energy to that of kinetic movement. Turbine preparation to startup begins with barring the rotor by the turning gear. Compounding of steam turbines is the method in which energy from the steam is extracted in a number of stages rather than a single stage in a turbine. Its modern manifestation was invented by charles parsons in 1884 the steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement in thermodynamic efficiency from the use of multiple stages in the expansion of the steam, which results. Weve delivered many worldfi rsts including the fi rst extractioncondensing steam turbine generator stg on an fpso and two of the largest stgs on an flng thats why we have a global reputation as the fi rst choice company for specialist steam turbine applications. The latter built the browncurtis turbine used in many ships in the royal navy. This turbine was used for lighting an exhibition in newcastle, england and produced merely 7. Our modular design approach is extremely flexible in meeting the unique requirements of each project while delivering bestinclass reliability and efficiency.
Troublefree geared steam turbines for ships turbomachinery. Marine engines and their story 7 on the test bed at the works of the builders is a set of turbines under construction for a crosschannel steamer. Our steam turbines work as generator drives or as mechanical drives for compressors or pumps. Toshiba power generation, equipment and services provider for utility industries in the americas, including thermal, hydro and nuclear power plants, as well as steam turbine and generator services. The steam turbine is, ironically, the most ancient form of steam engine and many inventors, including trevithick, have experimented with the concept, but it was not until the 1880s that the british engineer charles parsons succeeded in designing a practical engine. Since the steam turbine is a rotary heat engine, it is particularly suited to be used to drive an electrical generator. Another factor affecting the location of turbine deposits is the velocity in the turbine. In all turbines the rotating blade velocity is proportional to the steam velocity passing over the blade. The highpressure steam from the boiler is expanded in nozzles to create a highvelocity jet of steam.
Steam turbine 1 content chapter description page i purpose 2 ii steam turbine types 2 2. Advantages ability to utilize high pressure and high temperature steam. Steam turbines in this size range are of the singlestage type, which implies that turbine efficiency is quite low compared to larger steam turbines or highperformance steam engines. Jul 05, 2015 in the previous article, the author discussed how the parsons turbines were used in ships and highlighted how sea travel had changed dramatically.
Mhi has developed the ust ultra steam turbine with 15% higher efficiency than a conven. The rotor is turned by steam impinging against attached vanes or blades on which it exerts a force in the tangential direction. As a market leader for industrial steam turbines, we offer a comprehensive range of reliable and versatile steam turbines for the power output range from 2 to 250 mw. Power 6,200 hp integrally geared centrifugal performance. Nevertheless modern steam turbines are very efficient and operate with internal efficiencies within the range of 80 percent to 90 percent depending upon the steam conditions. A crosssection of the turbine is shown in figure 7. Impulse turbines, mainly used for small power generation geared applications, are manufactured in our plant in le creusot, france. However, gear boxes are not one hundred percent efficient.
If the steam is expanded only in a single stage from the boiler pressure to the exhaust pressure, its velocity must be extremely high. Steam turbine engines shipping wonders of the world. As a senior engi neer, he was engaged in commissioning of large turbines and troubleshooting in steam power plants. After first rotating the turbine by the turning gear, allowing time for the rotor to assume a straight plane no bowing, then the turning gear is disengaged and steam is admitted to the turbine, first to the astern blades then to the ahead blades slowly rotating the turbine at 1015 rpm 0. The steam exhaust directed axially allows an easy positioning on the floor. Available in both 50 or 60 hz single shaft and multishaft configurations, the d series cc steam turbine is designed for a wide range of inlet steam. The first modern steam turbine was developed by sir charles a. To address this issue, mitsubishi heavy industries, ltd. Industrial steam turbines steam turbines siemens energy. Baker hughes steam turbines draw their high efficiency and reliability from decades leading technology development and proven infield experience of our multiple steam and gas turbine lines. The best definition for a turbine one might provide is that the conversion of steam s heat to mechanical work, that is finished on a rotating output shaft.
Steam flows from the inlet to the outlet of the turbine in only a fraction of a second. Evolution of the d series combined cycle steam turbine ges d series combined cycle cc steam turbine provides our customers a high power density, worldclass thermal efficiency product. The mechanically successful steam turbine dates from about. Products include steam turbines, turbines, generators and reactors. In addition, some controlled extraction pressure applications use a curtis. Dec 18, 2015 steam turbines are made in a variety of sizes ranging fromsteam turbines are made in a variety of sizes ranging from small steam turbines problem 1 make an observation that out of the 10 solved examples and the 8 exercise problems of this chapter, only 4 problems required the reference to the mollier diagram enthalpyentropy chart for steam. The turbine wheel with a single stage or with a curtis stage plus a second impulse stage is assembled overhanging the pinion shaft, thus creating a very compact geared turbine unit. Steam turbine working principle and types of steam turbine. Be it power generation plants, district heating, biomass, wastetoenergy, seawater desalination or solar heat.
Design of steam turbine blades against erosion 17 chapter two. Moreover, 50inch blades for 3600 rpm and 60inch blades for 3000 rpm with further enhanced. Man turbo integrally geared centrifugal compressors for. Also, a turning gear is engaged when there is no steam to the turbine to slowly. This plant encompasses more than a century of experience in steam turbine technology. The turning gear operates as teeth gear, driven by an electrical electrical turning gear, see fig. Types of steam turbines chemical engineering world. Steam turbines stfa100 steam turbines doubleflow and axial flow, nonreheat combined cycle steam turbines axial flow, nonreheat geared combined cycle steam turbines ges stfd200 and stfa200 steam turbines are ideal for nonreheat applications.
The turbine, of 10 horse power, was geared to two propeller shafts by helical spur wheels, with a reduction ratio of 14 to 1. During manual startups, control is based on selected tur. The latter built the brown curtis turbine used in many ships in the royal navy. In this chapter the development of steam turbine engines is traced from the earliest known type to the modern geared turbines that propel the great ocean liners o f today. Industrial steam turbines ge steam turbines pdf catalogs. Kawasaki first started to manufacture steam turbines under technical tieups with curtis co.
Steam enters the main turbine at the high pressure turbine through the turbine stop throttle and control governor valves. With over a century of experience and continuous development in our steam turbine technology, siemens is a prime partner for your business. Overall design approach the design of reliable, efficient steam turbines requires the application of many diverse areas of. A speed reduction gear is installed between the generator and turbine, allowing the turbine to be designed smaller while operating at high speeds. The entire pressure drop of steam take place in stationary nozzles only. The browncurtis turbine, an impulse type, which had been originally developed and patented by the u. Origin of erosion and brief characteristics of erosion damsge of blades of steam turbines 14 5. What is steam turbine description and characteristics. Curtis turbine, rateau turbine, or brown curtis turbine are impulse type turbines. Latest technologies and future prospects for a new steam. Variable from little to massive, the turbines are created in a very big range of power capacities. Windmills that generate electricity are known as wind turbines. This webinar will cover the basics of steam turbines, with ge switzerlands principal engineer for thermodynamics, abhimanyu gupta.
Geared turbines are used for smallscale power plants of up to approximately 40 mw. Gear is necessary for reducing speed from 7,200 rpm to 2975 rpm. Curtis turbine, rateau turbine, or browncurtis turbine are impulse type turbines. More than 120,000 steam turbines delivered worldwide prove that we are a reliable and experienced partner. This paper discusses the basic steam turbine design philosophy used by ge and summarizes some of the key technology programs which will support steam turbine designs for the 90s. The steam turbine is a device for obtaining mechanical work from the energy stored in steam. Now, steam turbine generators can produce over 1,000 mw of energy in largescale power plants. Note that about 90% of all electricity generation in the world is by use of steam turbines. Steam is the ultimate destination for playing, discussing, and creating games.
58 14 376 493 1156 1333 1008 47 104 1067 632 233 520 149 1152 1053 1593 855 520 1236 1528 1030 544 1424 385 221 1263 1516 1315 1533 1086 1031 1297 1216 385 1040 1268 840 76