If you are currently taking your first course in statisti cs, this chapter provides an elementary introduction. This plain english guide focuses on political terms as part of our ongoing campaign on literacy and political participation. Ordinary people in a society, as opposed to those who are in power. Appropriation an act of congress that enables federal agencies to spend money for specific purposes.
In the second section of the course it will be focused on political values and ideologies. Pdf basic concepts in political science david nwogbaga. Whether the goal was passing a bill or scoring a political point, he. In global encyclopedia of public administration, public policy, and governance, ed. The concept of sovereigntyone of the most controversial ideas in political science and international lawis closely related to the difficult concepts of state and government and of independence and democracy. Blockwalk form of voter contact where supporters are organized and go doortodoor in precincts to visit with voters, collect information about their beliefs. Identify key terms in political science and assess their meaning in the broader context of the topic. Money collected by government in the form of taxes. The historical significance and even the precise meaning. Political theory is a bit complicated subject because it is an integral part of the western political thinking which is more than 2400 years old and many political. Politicians, scientists and civil society need to defend this cornerstone of liberal democracy. This general analysis is no substitute for the close examination of particular theories of political philosophy, with all their nuanced meanings.
A plain english guide to political terms simply put. A plain english guide to political terms second edition nala. A political system in which authority is shared between a central government and a state or regional government. Stress is indicated by a main stress mark and a secondary stress mark. Basic concepts in political science by adinda cresheilla. A political organisation with stated beliefs, aims and policies, that puts forward candidates in elections. Note that these are only guides, as the stress of the word. In other words, politics decides which people have the power to create public policy. The subject matter covers national legislatures, elections, local. It is also the strategy for maintaining cooperation among people with different needs and ideals in life, or for resolving the conflict within the group, whether this is a family, a tribe, a village or a nationstate. Absentee voting a way people can vote when they cant get to their polling place. Collin introductionwhen we are constantly told that there is widespread disillusionment with the political. Note that these are only guides, as the stress of the word changes according to its.
Although we think of the concept of power as being associated particularly with politics or so as to say political science, but it is, in fact, exists in all types of social relationships. In the united states, liberals are referred to as the left or leftwing and conservatives are referred to as the right or rightwing. Definitions and characteristics beforetakingupthepoliticaleconomyofcommunication,weneedtoexaminethe generalfieldofpoliticaleconomy. The goal of basic political concepts is to provide exactly what the title suggests. We have chosen this theme in light of an expected general election by mid2007. A political system where states or regional governments retain ultimate authority, except for powers expressly delegated to a central government. Still, if we are to attempt such a detailed analysis and then make comparisons among political theories, we will need to begin with a basic toolkit of concepts and terms that may serve as reference. Basic concepts in research and data analysis 3 with this material before proceeding to the subsequent chapters, as most of the terms introduced here will be referred to again and again throughout the text. We aim to update this guide regularly to make sure that it stays relevant. In everyday life, the term politics refers to the way that countries are governed, and to the ways that governments make rules and laws. Power, influence, authority, legitimacy, political culture, political socialisation, modernisation and political development power meaning. A glossary of political terms inside baseball insahyd beysbawl metaphor referring to a detailoriented approach to the minutiae of a subject, which in turn requires specialized knowledge about the nuances of what is being discussed senator dole was without peer as a master of legislative politics. The focal point of the study of political institutions is power and its uses.
Political science is no exception to this general need for fundamental concepts. Glossary of political terms republican party of texas. The political process often involves conflict and the relationship between people and groups. The definitions that follow, with background drawn from safires new political dictionary, should help you understand political talk a little better the next time you hear it on the evening news or read about it online. Politics simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A nation refers to a geographical entity with a population of people that share homogeneous characteristics such as customs and traditions in terms of ethnicity, language. A list of mostly used political terms abdication voluntary resignation from office by a queen or king. The basic issues which are described and explained by various thinkers, philosophers and contemplators have been. Topics covered in the third part of the course include political power and major political institutions parties, pressure groups, elections, etc.
Why among the ancients political authority could be more extensive thanin modern times. Dummies helps everyone be more knowledgeable and confident in applying what they know. The framing of a policy problem is a political rather than technical issue. The vast majority of contemporary constitutions describe the basic principles of the state. Assignment a story a reporter is detailed to cover. A political proposition that pits a majority of common citizens against a perceived elite be it political, social, economic. Some of this incoherence is due to the artificially limited scope of contemporary political discussion, where everyone assumes that a democratic republic is the only. Chapter 1 focuses on concepts useful in analyzing individual decisions and actions, which surely are the basic stuff of politics. The concept of power is the most influential one in the whole of political science. This list may not reflect recent changes learn more. Political theories describe, explain and analyse the political incidents and processes of the society and along with that try to remove their deficiencies. In political sociology, the view that society is composed of competing interest groups, with power diffused among them.
Basic political concepts open textbooks for hong kong. Group with similar feelings or ambitions on how the country should be run. The most famous abdication in recent history came in 1936, when britains edward viii abdicated the throne because the british establishment would not permit him to marry wallis simpson, an american divorcee. It is power, which vests the state with order and peace. It was not created to be a study guide for vocabulary tests learning social studies vocabulary is best done in context. Politics can also be seen in other groups, such as in companies, clubs, schools, and churches. The cedaw convention recognizes and addresses both forms of. The glossary is in a pdf format which means that there is a search box for a particular term at the top center of the page. Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women, article 1. What roles do concepts, models and theories play in political analysis. This glossary is designed to demystify some of these terms and explain their origins. These lessons will introduce you to foundational ideas and definitions within the. Glossary of philosophical terms z absolutism the view that there are some types of action that are strictly prohibited by morality, no matter what the specific facts are in a particular case. In addition, summarize how political scientists would study microsoft.
The terms left and right define opposite ends of the political spectrum. This basic theory of political concepts has, schmitt notes, implications for the student of political thought. Political glossary the voters self defense system vote smart. Understand political terms used by government officials, and political candidates. The most famous abdication in recent history came in 1936, when britains edward viii abdicated the throne because the british establishment would not permit him to. Understand political terms used by government officials, and political candidates, project vote smarts political vocabulary. Bringing together original entries written by such celebrated theorists as terry eagleton and malcolm bradbury with new definitions of current terms and controversies, this is the essential. Glossary of political terms ballot integrity ballot integrity efforts are those which ensure that proper voting rules and procedures are maintained at polling places, in order to prevent fraudulent voting. Power is the ability to influence or have control over political decisions. Basic terms and concepts of political science chapter summary. The ideas and activities associated with the governing of a country, region, city. Power can take many forms, from brute force to articulate persuasion.
Words relating to politics and political discussions. A political body that exercises authority over a nation or state and has the power to make and enforce laws. A basic lexicon of political philosophy arcane knowledge. Understanding our political nature jrc publications. Among political scientists there is great disagreement about what the fields core questions are and how best to study them. The political dictionary was suggested by the consideration that the penny. While many are absent, the ones provided often get much more space than other comparable terms. Three political science courses outside your subfield specialization. If you cant tell a lame duck from a rubber chicken, heres a guide to help you understand the language of politics. There is often an amazing dictionary space allocated to political terms.
In modern political discourse, basic terms and concepts of political philosophy are frequently bandied about with unclear, overly narrow, or even contradictory definitions. Chapter 1 focuses on concepts useful in analyzing individual decisions and actions, which surely are the basic stuff. Ballot integrity committees are often put together at the state and local levels, and send volunteers to monitor polling places. In simpler terms, politics that depend on a nonestablishment position seeking to mobilize a majority by creating a sense of commonality. Senator dole was without peer as a master of legislative politics. Unfortunately, political scientists and lawyersthe two main professions. Our plain english guide focuses on political terms this year as part of our campaign on literacy and political participation. Power is the central point around which every activity revolvers. Policy research research designed to assess alternative possibilities for public or social action, in terms of their costs andor consequences. Pages in category political terminology the following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 408 total.
Populism is not limited to a specific political ideology. Literacy difficulties can be a barrier to accessing, understanding and using information. This dictionary provides the user with the basic vocabulary used in the fields of government and politics, especially in the united kingdom, the european union and the united states, and also contains some more informal terms used in the media. A general term used to describe areas of land or sea over which states and other. The political activities, meetings and speeches that happen before an election.
This is the simplest yardstick of economic performance. Hence, what really distinguishes the new political economy is not so much the volume, but the sort of research being done. Distinguish what political scientists study from what other disciplineshistory, economics, or psychologystudy. Political scientists rely on several important concepts. Appreciate the serious and complex nature of the political game and understand how and why politics affects the individuals life in so many ways.
Economics and the world economy students are strongly encouraged to take this course in their first or second year. Literary terms the routledge dictionary of literary termsis a twentyfirst century update of roger fowlers seminal dictionary of modern critical terms. If one person, firm or country can produce more of something with the same amount of effort and resources, they have an absolute advantage. Person who has been elected and works professionally in politics. The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 408 total. Sovereignty, in political theory, the ultimate overseer, or authority, in the decisionmaking process of the state and in the maintenance of order. Basic political concepts textbook equity open education. As a result, adults with literacy difficulties may be excluded from. A glossary of constitutional terms international idea. Basic concepts soren jordan 2016 this is the nal version as it appears for the citation. A list of the main political parties is included on page 61. The organization of power within a society, specifically how power is divided and used. As a result, adults with literacy difficulties may be. The interaction between government and politics results in the creation of public policy.
Ap abbreviation for associated press, a wire service. A plain english guide to political terms second edition. Basic terms and concepts of political science videos. Some vital political ideas are capitalism, socialism, feminism, ecologism, anarchism, syndicalism, fascism, aristocracy, democracy, marxism, monarchy, oligarchy etc. The consequences of capital flight can include a contraction in real investment spending, a dramatic depreciation in the exchange rate, and a rapid tightening of credit conditions. List of most common political terms with their meanings. Literacy difficulties can be a barrier to accessing. As a result the majority of political science departments in the united states do not offer an introduction to the field as a whole.
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